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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD, AND, FLUID MEASUREMENT SYSTEM A method for determining fluid characteristics of a multicomponent fluid is provided. The method includes a step of measuring a first density, (rho) 1, of a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in a first density state. The method further includes a step of adjusting the multicomponent fluid from the first density state to a second density state. A second density, (rho) 2, of the multicomponent fluid is then measured in the second density state and one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible components or the incompressible components are determined.
    公开号:BR112015001918B1
    申请号:R112015001918-8
    申请日:2012-08-01
    公开日:2020-11-03
    发明作者:Schollenberger Frederick Scott；Weinstein Joel；Shepherd David John
    申请人:Micro Motion, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    [0001] The embodiments below refer to multicomponent fluids and, more particularly, to a method for determining various fluid characteristics of a multicomponent fluid with one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] Vibrating fluid sensors, such as Coriolis mass flow meters and vibrating densitometers, typically operate by detecting movement of a vibrating duct containing a flowing material. Properties associated with the fluid in the conduit, such as mass flow, density and the like, can be determined by processing measurement signals received from motion transducers associated with the conduit. The vibration modes of the vibrating material-filled system are generally affected by the combined characteristics of mass, stiffness and damping of the retaining duct and the material contained therein.
    [0003] A typical vibrating fluid meter includes one or more conduits that are connected in line to a pipe or other transport system and transport material, for example fluids, slurries and the like, in the system. 20 Each conduit can be seen as having a set of natural vibration modes, including, for example, simple, torsional, radial and coupled modes. In a typical Coriolis mass flow measurement application, a conduit is excited in one or more modes of vibration as a material flows through the conduit, and the movement of the conduit is measured at points spaced along the conduit. Excitation is typically provided by an actuator, for example, an electromechanical device, such as a voice coil actuator, which disturbs the conduit in a periodic manner. Mass flow rate can be determined by measuring time delay or phase differences between movements at the transducer locations. Two such transducers (or deviation sensors) are typically employed to measure a vibrational response from the flow duct or ducts, and are typically located in positions upstream and downstream of the actuator. The two bypass sensors are connected to electronic instrumentation by cabling, such as by two independent pairs of wires. The instrumentation receives signals from the two deviation sensors and processes the signals in order to derive a mass flow rate measurement.
    [0004] Vibrating fluid meters offer high accuracy for single component flows. However, when a vibrating fluid meter is used to measure fluids including entrained gas, entrained liquid droplets including gas, or other types of fluids including both compressible and incompressible components, the accuracy of the meter can be significantly degraded. Carried gas is commonly present as bubbles in the flow material. One problem caused by gas bubbles is decoupling. Small bubbles typically move with the liquid flow material as the flow meter is vibrated. However, larger bubbles do not move with the liquid during the vibration of the flow tube. In contrast, bubbles can be decoupled from the liquid and can move independently of the liquid. Consequently, the liquid can flow around the bubbles. This adversely affects the vibrational response of the fluid meter.
    [0005] The size of the entrained gas bubbles can vary, depending on the fluid speed, viscosity, surface tension, and other parameters. The extent of the decrease in performance is not only related to how much total gas is present, but also to the size of the individual gas bubbles in the flow. The size of the bubbles affects the accuracy of the measurement. Larger bubbles occupy more volume and decouple to a greater extent, leading to greater error in measurements of the flow material. Due to the compressibility of a gas, the bubbles. 25 may change in amount of gas yet may not necessarily change in size. Conversely, if the pressure changes, the bubble size can correspondingly change, expanding as the pressure drops or shrinking as the pressure increases. This can also cause variations in the flow meter's natural or resonant frequency. 30
    [0006] Vibrating fluid meters are used to perform mass flow rate and density measurements for a wide variety of flow rates. fluid. One area where Coriolis flow meters can be used is in the measurement of oil and gas wells. The product from such wells may comprise a multicomponent fluid, including oil or gas, but also including other components, such as water and air, for example. It is highly desirable that the resulting measurement is as accurate as possible, even for such multicomponent flows. Furthermore, in such situations, a user often wants to know not only the flow rate and density of the overall fluid, but other fluid characteristics, such as the density of the liquid phase and the flow rate 10 of the individual components of the multicomponent flow. Often, the Coriolis flow meter will only measure an overall flow rate and fluid density. In the case of two liquid components of known density, it is possible in prior art flow meters to determine individual component fractions and flow rates. The flow meter electronics currently on the market 15 achieves the assumption that the fluid flow contains only oil and water and uses equations (1) and (2) to determine the quantity of each component. This algorithm is known in the oil and gas industry as a 'Net Oil Computer ”.

    where: <PO is the fraction of oil volume; is the fraction of volume of water; P θ 3 fluid density measured by the vibrating fluid meter; po is the oil density; and • 25 pw is the water density.
    [0007] Using equations (1) and (2), if the densities of water and oil are either known or assumed, then the volume fractions for oil and water can be determined. With the volume fractions determined, the flow rate of the individual components can be determined. It is important to note that the density measured in equation (2) is truly slightly inaccurate due to the decoupling between the two different components. However, due to the similarity of water and oil density, decoupling is very small and measurements are generally sufficiently accurate.
    [0008] However, when a system only uses equations (1) and (2), and if 5 entrained gas is present, the resulting lower global fluid density is incorrectly interpreted as being caused by a greater fraction of oil volume and, in this way, the meter electronics produces a higher oil flow rate and overall amount of oil in the chain. In many real-world applications, the fluid may contain some gas, which can drastically reduce the measurement accuracy 10 of the 'Net Oil Computer ”. Therefore, the fluid may not contain as much oil as produced by the fluid meter. This can be problematic as a user may think that the oil well is still producing a satisfactory amount of oil while the well is actually only producing water and gas. The presence of gas within the system results in equations (1) and (2) transforming 15 equations (3) and (4).

    where: (pg is the gas volume fraction; and 20 Pg is the gas density.
    [0009] As can be seen, equations (3) and (4) result in two equations, but three unknowns (the three volume fractions), which do not have a single solution.
    [0010] Another area where vibrating fluid meters are used is in the food and beverage industry. For example, in the dairy industry, the ’25 users may want to know the density of the milk being delivered due to various processing and quality reasons. However, the next milk often includes entrained air bubbles. Therefore, for a given density provided by the vibrating fluid meter, a user cannot be sure of the density of the milk as the measured density is affected by the lower density of the air. 30 In addition, the volume fractions of milk and air are unknown.
    [0011] Although the problems outlined above have involved. mainly liquids with entrained gas, it should be appreciated that similar problems exist with multicomponent fluids containing one or more compressible liquids mixed with one or more incompressible liquids. By "compressible" it is understood that the density of the component changes by a threshold amount within the operating conditions experienced within the system of interest. Such multi-component fluids can comprise liquids with entrained gas, two or more liquids (with at least one comprising a compressible liquid), or a gas with entrained liquid droplets. 10
    [0012] There remains a need in the art for a vibrating fluid meter that can precisely measure flow characteristics of a multicomponent fluid with one or more incompressible fluids and one or more compressible fluids. 15 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0013] A method is provided according to an embodiment. The method comprises a step of measuring a first density, pi, of a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in a first density state. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of adjusting the multicomponent fluid from the first density state to a second density state. According to an embodiment, the method further comprises steps of measuring a second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state and determining one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible components or components. 25 incompressible components.
    [0014] A fluid measurement system is provided according to an embodiment. The fluid measurement system comprises a pipeline configured to receive a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components. According to one embodiment, the fluid measurement system further comprises a first fluid meter including a first sensor assembly. in fluid communication with the piping and a meter electronics configured to measure at least the first density, p1 (of the multicomponent fluid. According to one embodiment, the fluid measurement system still comprises a communicating density adjuster 5 of fluid with the tubing and the first sensor assembly, configured to adjust a density of the multicomponent fluid from a first density state to at least a second density state by adjusting a pressure and / or a temperature of the multicomponent fluid. provided that it is configured to generate one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the incompressible components or the compressible components based on the first density, Pi, of the multicomponent fluid in the first density state and a second density, p2, of the fluid multicomponent in the second density state. ASPECTS
    [0015] According to one aspect, a method comprises the steps of: measuring a first density, pi, of a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in a first density state; adjusting the multicomponent fluid from the first density state 20 to a second density state; measuring a second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state; and determining one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible components or the incompressible components. . 25
    [0016] Preferably, the step of determining comprises determining a combined density of the one or more incompressible components.
    [0017] Preferably, the step of measuring the first density, e.g., comprises using a first Coriolis flow meter.
    [0018] Preferably, the step of measuring the second density, p2, 30 comprises using a second Coriolis flow meter.
    [0019] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of waiting for a threshold time after measuring the first density, pi, before measuring the second density, p2.
    [0020] Preferably, the first density state comprises a first pressure, Pi, and a first temperature, Leem that the second density state comprises a second pressure, P2, and / or a second temperature,
    [0021] Preferably, the method further comprises steps of: measuring a flow rate of the multicomponent fluid; 10 determining a volume fraction of one or more of the components of the multicomponent fluid; and determining a flow rate of one or more of the components based on the measured flow rate and volume fraction.
    [0022] According to another aspect, a fluid measurement system 15 comprises: a pipeline configured to receive a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components; a first fluid meter including: a first sensor assembly in fluid communication with the pipeline; a meter electronics configured to measure at least the first density, pi, of the multicomponent fluid; and a density adjuster in fluid communication with the tubing and the first sensor assembly, configured to adjust the density of the fluid. Multicomponent from a first density state to at least a second density state by adjusting a pressure and / or temperature of the multicomponent fluid; and a processing system configured to generate one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the incompressible components or compressible components based on the first density, pi, of the multicomponent fluid in the first density state and a second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state.
    [0023] Preferably, the fluid measurement system further comprises the second fluid meter including: a second sensor set in fluid communication with the pipeline and the density adjuster, where the density adjuster is positioned between the first assembly sensor and the second sensor set.
    [0024] Preferably, the fluid measurement system further comprises the second meter electronics configured to measure at least the second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state.
    [0025] Preferably, the fluid measurement system still comprises one or more pressure sensors near the first sensor set and one or more pressure sensors near the second sensor set.
    [0026] Preferably, a first pressure sensor is positioned upstream of the first sensor assembly and a second pressure sensor is positioned downstream of the first sensor assembly and where the third pressure sensor is positioned downstream of the density adjuster and upstream of the second sensor set and a fourth pressure sensor is positioned downstream of the second sensor set. 20
    [0027] Preferably, the fluid measurement system further comprises one or more temperature sensors configured to measure a multicomponent fluid temperature in the first and the second density state.
    [0028] Preferably, the processing system comprises a part of the first meter electronics.
    [0029] Preferably, the first fluid meter comprises a Coriolis flow meter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0030] Figure 1 shows a fluid measurement system according to an embodiment. 30
    [0031] Figure 2 shows a graph of density error of mix density as determined by independent gas and liquid meters versus compressible volume fraction of a fluid according to an embodiment.
    [0032] Figure 3 shows a processing routine according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0033] Figures 1 - 3 and the following description represent specific examples to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the best way of carrying out a fluid measurement system. For the purpose of teaching the inventive principles, some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate variations of these examples that are within the scope of this description. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the fluid measurement system. As a result, the 15 embodiments described below are not limited to the specific examples described below, but only by the claims and their equivalents.
    [0034] Figure 1 shows a fluid measurement system 100 according to an embodiment. According to one embodiment, the fluid measurement system 100 comprises a first fluid meter 5 and a second fluid meter 20. In other embodiments, a simple fluid meter 5 can be provided without the second meter of fluid 6. Such embodiments are most appropriate for situations where the fluid is non-fluent, as will be described in more detail below. According to an embodiment, the first fluid meter 5 comprises a sensor assembly 101 and an electronics. 25 meter 22. The sensor assembly 101 and the meter electronics 22 may be in electrical communication via one or more wires 21. According to one embodiment, the second fluid meter 6 comprises a sensor assembly 102 and a meter electronics 24. The sensor assembly 102 and the meter electronics 24 can be in electrical communication via one or more wires 23. According to the embodiment shown, the first and second fluid meters 5, 6 comprise Coriolis flow meters ; however, other types of fluid meters lacking the measurement capabilities of Coriolis flow meters can be used such as, for example, vibrating densitometers, etc. The particular type of fluid meter used should in no way limit the scope 5 of the present embodiment. However, fluid meters 5, 6 can preferably measure at least one fluid density.
    [0035] According to an embodiment, the two meter electronics 22, 24 can be in electrical communication with each other. According to another embodiment, the two meter electronics 22, 24 can be in electrical communication with a common processing system 25 via wires 27, 28, respectively. The common processing system 25 can process signals received from two meter electronics 22, 24 and produce desired information for a user via wire 26. For example, the processing system 25 can receive various measurements of which from the 15 meter electronics 22, 24 and determine one or more fluid characteristics of the multicomponent fluid based on the measurements received. Although the processing system 25 is shown as a separate component, in other embodiments, the processing system 25 may comprise a portion of one of the meter electronics 22, 24. 20
    [0036] According to yet another embodiment, both sensor sets 101, 102 may be in electrical communication with a simple meter electronics, such as meter electronics 22 and processing system 25 of meter electronics 22 perform all necessary signal processing and produce desired information to a user via wire 30. Wires 29 and 30. 25 are shown as dotted lines to illustrate the alternative embodiment.
    [0037] According to one embodiment, the first and second sensor assemblies 101, 102 can be positioned in fluid communication with a fluid tubing 103. The fluid tubing 103 can receive a multicomponent fluid 30 comprising one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components. Since the multicomponent fluid is received in the fluid tubing 103, at least the first fluid meter 5 can measure the density of the multicomponent fluid. During measurements, the fluid can be either fluent or stationary. 5
    [0038] According to one embodiment, the first and second sensor assemblies 101, 102 are separated within the fluid tubing 103 by a density adjuster 104. The density adjuster 104 can comprise a valve, a pump, a pipe extension, a pipe extension comprising a reduced or increased cross-sectional area, a heater, a cooler, etc. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the density adjuster 104 can comprise any type of device capable of changing the density state of the multicomponent fluid such that the density of a compressible component of the fluid flowing within the tubing 103 changes. For example using the oil, water, gas combination above, the density adjuster 104 15 would be able to change the density of the gas as long as the densities of the oil and water remain the same. The density adjuster 104 is therefore provided so that the densities, and thus the volume fractions of the compressible components of the fluid, are different between the first sensor assembly 101, which is in a first density state, and the second sensor assembly 102, 20 that a second density state is found. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the density of compressible fluids can be changed between the two density states by adjusting pressure and / or temperature. For example, if the fluid is flowing through the pipeline and both the first and second fluid sensors 5, 6 are provided, the adjuster. The density 104 could comprise a pump that increases the pressure of the multicomponent fluid between the first and the second sensor assemblies 101, 102. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the density adjuster 104 could comprise a control valve or any component via that energy in the multicomponent fluid is lost resulting in a loss of pressure. The multicomponent fluid could enter the first sensor assembly 101 and comprise a first state of density with a first temperature and pressure. The multicomponent fluid could then pass through a control valve or other component which results in a gain or loss of pressure by providing the multicomponent fluid with a second state of density at 5 second pressure and / or temperature in the second sensor set 102. In another embodiment, only the first sensor assembly 101 can be provided and filled with the multicomponent fluid in the first density state with a first temperature and pressure. A valve could be opened briefly to let some of the fluid escape and then closed again to provide the multi-component fluid 10 with a second density state at a second pressure and / or temperature. As can be appreciated, the density adjuster 104 does not change the density of any of the incompressible components of the fluid.
    [0039] Upstream pressure sensors 105a and downstream 105b associated with the first sensor set 101 15 are also shown in Figure 1 as well as upstream pressure sensors 106a and downstream 106b associated with the second sensor set 101. Although four pressure sensors 105a, 105b, 106a, 106b are shown in Figure 1, it should be appreciated that less than four pressure sensors can be provided. For example, in some embodiments, only two pressure sensors may be required where one pressure sensor is upstream of density adjuster 104 and another pressure sensor is downstream of density adjuster 104. In some forms of embodiment, providing only two pressure sensors with one upstream and one downstream can provide a close enough estimate of the pressure within the sensor assemblies 101, 102. For example, if the fluid measurement system 100 - 25 only included the sensor pressure sensor 105a and pressure sensor 106a, then these two pressures could be used for the calculations that follow and in some embodiments, estimates would be provided close enough to the actual pressures within the sensor assemblies 101, 102 to be within acceptable tolerance. In other embodiments, only one pressure sensor may be required. This can be true in situations where only a single fluid meter is present or if the pressure drop between the two fluid meters is known or assumed based on the flow rate through system 100.
    [0040] However, by supplying an upstream pressure sensor 105a and a downstream pressure sensor 105b this allows an average fluid pressure to be calculated in the first sensor assembly 101. Likewise, the upstream pressure sensor 106a and the downstream pressure sensor 106b allow the calculation of an average fluid pressure in the second sensor assembly 102.
    [0041] According to one embodiment, the fluid measurement system 100 may further include first and second temperature sensors 107, 108. According to one embodiment, the first temperature sensor 107 can determine a temperature of the fluid in the first sensor set 101 while the second temperature sensor 108 can determine a fluid temperature in the second sensor set 102. It is generally not necessary to have a temperature sensor upstream and downstream of each fluid meter, as the temperature is unlikely to change significantly during the route through the meter. However, such additional temperature measurements could be used to improve the accuracy of the average temperature determination on each fluid meter. The first and second temperature sensors 107, 108 can comprise RTD sensors, as is generally known for fluid meters, such as Coriolis flow meters. It should be appreciated that first and second temperature sensors 107, 108 cannot directly determine a fluid temperature, but the fluid temperature can be determined indirectly. For example, it is known in the art to use one or more temperature sensors that can be coupled to the flow tubes of the sensor set and other locations and a fluid temperature can be determined based on one or more measured temperatures. Therefore, the first and second temperature sensors 107, 108 can comprise any of the well-known configurations used in the fluid measurement industry.
    [0042] As discussed above, a problem with prior art systems is that if the fluid flowing through the measurement system comprises one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components, a determination of the flow characteristics of the individual components is not possible . For example, with the oil, water, and gas illustration discussed above, the prior art has not provided a system for precisely determining the fluid characteristics of the liquid phase (incompressible components). Preferably, the prior art Coriolis flow meter was only able to determine a total mixing density, and could not distinguish a liquid density from a gas density. Equation (2) above could not be resolved because the density being measured was the total density including gas while Equation (2) required only the density of liquid. Using the fluid measurement system 100 it is possible to calculate a density of the incompressible components together with other fluid characteristics of the multicomponent fluid. If there are two incompressible components, and their individual densities are known, then it would be possible to provide an improved 'Net Oil Computer' that essentially ignores the gas phase in the calculation of parameters such as water fraction (ratio of fraction of volume of water to total volume) and individual liquid component flow rates, such as oil flow rate.
    [0043] Although in the example of oil, water, and gas, the density of the essentially incompressible fluid comprises the combined liquid density; in 20 other situations, the compressible component can be a compressible liquid instead of a gas. Consequently, the present embodiment is not limited to just calculating the liquid density of a liquid / gas mixture.
    [0044] According to an embodiment, with the fluid measurement system 100, various fluid characteristics can be determined due to the density adjuster 104 adjusting the multicomponent fluid from a first density state to a second density state using equations of state (5-11) as follows.






    wherein the inputs that can be measured using the fluid measurement system 100 are as follows: PÍ is the fluid pressure in the first density state; P2 is the fluid pressure in the second density state; TÍ is the temperature in the first density state; T2 is the temperature in the second density state; PT is the density measured in the first density state; and p2 is the density measured in the second density state.
    [0045] With the inputs measured above, the following variables are unknown in equations (5-11); <Pn is the volume fraction of the incompressible components in the first density state; <Pi2 is the volume fraction of the incompressible components in the second density state; <Pci θ the volume fraction of the compressible components in the first state of density; (Pc2 θ the volume fraction of the compressible components in the second density state; PINCOMP is the combined density of one or more incompressible components (this is assumed to be constant between the first and the second density states); pd is the density of the compressible components in the first density state, and Pc2 is the density of the compressible components in the second density state.
    [0046] As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, this results in seven equations with seven unknowns. The seven equations can be solved as long as the density adjuster 104 changes the density of the compressible components so that two different compressible densities and void fractions are present in the first and second density states. According to the embodiment shown with the first and second sensor sets 101, 102, the first density measurement state can be taken by the first fluid meter 5 and the second density measurement state can be taken by the second meter fluid 6. According to one embodiment, measurements taken by the second fluid meter 6 can be delayed from measurements taken by the first fluid meter 5 by a threshold time. The threshold time can be based on a flow rate as determined by one of the fluid meters. Delayed signal processing can allow the second fluid meter 6 to measure the density of the same multicomponent fluid as measured by the first fluid meter 5. This can improve measurements if a user or operator is concerned that the proportions of the one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components in the fluid stream are rapidly variable. However, if the relative proportions are remaining substantially constant or varying very slowly over time, then the first and second fluid meters 5, 6 can measure densities at substantially the same time.
    [0047] However, if only one of the fluid meters is present, then both measurements of the density state will be considered by the single fluid meter at different times (before and after the density adjuster 104 adjusting the fluid density state component by adjusting pressure and / or temperature).
    [0048] Using the example of oil, water, and gas again, the amount of oil and water is typically of interest which, as mentioned above, requires a known combined density of the liquid (incompressible components). Therefore, according to one embodiment, equations (5-11) can be reduced to a simple equation (12) that can be solved for PINCOMP-

    [0049] Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that equation (12) is an implicit equation that requires a solver. Equation (12) can also be written again in an explicit solution using some substitutions as follows.




    [0050] Using equations (13-16), equation (17) provides an explicit solution for the density of incompressible components.

    [0050] The "+" sign in equation 17 is used when the density of the compressible component in the first state of density is less than the density of the compressible component in the second state of density. The sign in equation 17 is used when the density of compressible component in the first density state is greater than the density of the compressible component in the second density state.
    [0051] With the density of incompressible fluid components calculated, the fractions of volume of water and oil of equations (1) and (2) can be determined. In addition, any of the unknown fluid characteristics listed above, such as the volume fraction of compressible components, can be determined. After these unknowns are determined, certain additional parameters can then be calculated, such as water cut-off and flow rates for each of the individual components. For example, if at least one of the fluid meters 5, 6 comprises a flow meter, such as a Coriolis mass flow meter or a volumetric flow meter, a multi-component flow rate can be measured. The multicomponent flow rate may comprise a mass flow rate or a volume flow rate. The multicomponent flow rate can then be multiplied by the volume fractions of the individual components to grant a flow rate of the individual components.
    [0052] Using two meters in two different density states, it should be appreciated that the equations listed above can solve for the densities and volume fractions of the total compressible and incompressible components. If the densities of the incompressible component are known, as is generally the case for the 'Net Oil Computer', then the above algorithm can also determine up to two individual volume fractions for liquids making the component incompressible. However, if more than three components are present in the current combination, then more information may be required to calculate the individual fluid characteristics for each of the components.
    [0053] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that solving the above equations requires certain fluid conditions to be maintained. For example, in order for equations (9) and (10) to be accurate, compressible components must obey the ideal gas law. If the compressible fluid does not comply with the ideal gas law, then the equations must take into account the compressibility factors of the component, Z. If the compressible components are liquid, then equations (9) and (10) must be replaced with the appropriate state equations for that fluid. These equations of state can be analytically determined, or they can be query tables referring to experimentally determined data. Furthermore, the equations assume that the incompressible components maintain the density between the two sensor sets 101, 102, that is, the density adjuster 104 does not affect the incompressible components. This is because the densities of incompressible fluids are not included in equations (9) and (10). Another assumption made in solving the equations is that none of the compressible components are absorbed or released from the incompressible components between the first and second density states, as adjusted by the density adjuster 104. This assumption can typically be made possible if the distance between the first and second sensor sets 101, 102 is maintained below a threshold distance, which can be determined experimentally, for example. Also, using a density adjuster that causes a pressure increase, such a pump, instead of a pressure decrease, can help to meet this requirement. In addition, instantaneous absorption and vaporization are more problematic with gases entrained in liquids than for mixtures of compressible and incompressible liquid.
    [0054] Those skilled in the art understand that often, when a fluid comprises incompressible and compressible components, such as a liquid with entrained gas, that the compressible components cause errors in the density readings of fluid meters, such as flow meters. Coriolis. The errors caused are generally due to the density of the compressible components and decoupling of the compressible fluid from the incompressible fluid. As will be shown below, the error caused by the compressible components can be ignored in solving equations (5-11) for the density of the incompressible component.
    [0055] According to an embodiment, in order to prove that the error can be ignored, equation (12) can be rewritten to include the error. This is shown in equation (18).
    where: ei is The error when measuring px-, and e2 is the error when measuring pz.
    [0056] Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that errors, ei and e2 can be ignored in solving equations (5-11) if the errors are both equal to zero. However, this is rarely the case. However, if equations (12) and (18) are fixed as equal to each other, then it can be determined that other circumstances are necessary for errors to be ignored. In order to demonstrate this point more easily, the density of compressible fluid is set to zero, which is a reasonable assumption for the case of a liquid with gas entrained at typical pressures. This test can be done without setting the compressible fluid density to zero, but the account is more complicated; therefore, for the purposes of demonstrating the concept, the density of compressible fluid is set to zero. With the compressible fluid density set to zero, equations (6) and (8) can be written as equations (19) and (20).


    [0057] After some substitutions, which are omitted for brevity in the description, which even those skilled in the art can readily perform, the simplified forms of equations (12) and (18) can be set equal to each other, as shown in equation ( 21) in order to determine that the circumstances required for the ei and ej errors are insignificant for the calculation of the density of the incompressible components.

    [0058] Simplifying equation (21) further, it can be shown that for equations (12) and (18) to be equivalent, then equation (22) must be true.

    [0059] Therefore, equation (22) shows that for decoupling and compressibility errors to be insignificant, ei and β2 must be linearly related for pressure and temperature reasons. From equation (11) above, equation (22) can be rewritten in terms of volume fractions such as:

    [0060] Therefore, if the compressibility and uncoupling errors increase linearly with volume fraction of the incompressible component, then the solution of equations (5-11) above for the density of the incompressible component is insensitive to the presence of the compressibility and uncoupling errors. Experiments have shown that there is a linear relationship between the error and the volume fraction of the compressible component, at least for Coriolis meters or densitometers based on vibrating tube technology. This is illustrated in Figure 2.
    [0061] Figure 2 shows a graph of the total density error of mixing density. This is determined by a mix measurement density and measurements of individual gas and liquid meters before the two parts become a mix. The various linear trend lines are taken at different flow rates. However, for each flow rate, it can be seen that as the volume fraction of the compressible component increases, the density error increases linearly. Therefore, as long as the flow rate between the first and second sensor sets 101, 102 remains substantially the same, the error will remain on a simple trend line, as shown in Figure 2 and the density error can be ignored while solving equations. (5-11). Maintaining the same flow rate through both sensor sets 101, 102 is typically achieved because the two sensor sets 101, 102 are allocated in the same pipe 103. In this way, it not only makes the fluid measurement system 100 provide new information and fluid characteristics of individual components not previously measurable in multicomponent fluids, also solves the problem of inaccurate measurements due to decoupling and compressibility errors in vibrating tube flow meters and densitometers. Even if both meters experience errors, the errors cancel each other out when using the algorithm described above to calculate the density of the incompressible component.
    [0062] In use, the fluid measurement system 100 can be used to determine the various fluid characteristics of a fluid in pipe 103 which comprises one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components. Routine 300 outlines a possible embodiment for determining the various fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible or incompressible components.
    [0063] Figure 3 shows a processing routine 300 according to an embodiment. According to one embodiment, the processing routine 300 can be performed using the first and second meter electronics 22, 24 together with the processing system 25. According to another embodiment, the processing routine 300 can be performed using one of the first or second meter electronics 22, 24. According to another embodiment, the processing routine 300 can be performed using the first and second meter electronics 22, 24 where the processing system 25 comprises a part of one of the 22, 24 meter electronics.
    [0064] According to an embodiment, the processing routine 300 starts at step 301 where a first density, pi, of a multicomponent fluid is measured in a first density state. The multicomponent fluid 10 comprises one or more compressible components and one or more incompressible components. The first density state comprises the first pressure, Pi and the first temperature, Ti as described above. According to an embodiment, the first density, pi, comprises the density within the first sensor assembly 101, for example. In some embodiments, additional information about the multicomponent fluid can be determined such as a fluid flow rate, which can be determined if the first fluid meter 5 comprises a Coriolis flow meter, for example. According to an embodiment, the first density, pi, can be determined in the first meter electronics 22, for example. 20
    [0065] In step 302, a second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid is measured in a second state of density. According to one embodiment, the second density state is different from the first density state. The second density state can be different due to the density adjuster 104, which can change the pressure and / or temperature of the fluid. 25 for a second pressure, P2 and a second temperature, T2. According to an embodiment, the second density, p2, can be determined in the second meter electronics 22, for example.
    [0066] According to one embodiment, the first and second density states can be determined by one or more pressure sensors 105a, 105b, 106a, 106b and the one or more temperature sensors 107, 108, by example.
    [0067] In step 303, one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible components and the incompressible components can be determined. According to one embodiment, one or more fluid characteristics can be determined based on the first and second densities, pi, p2, and the first and second density states. According to one embodiment, the processing system 25 can receive the first and second densities, pi, p2, and determine one or more fluid characteristics, such as the combined density of the one or more incompressible components, PINCOMP, as discussed above . The combined density of incompressible component, PINCOMP, can comprise a mixing density if the multicomponent fluid includes two or more incompressible components. Alternatively, if only one incompressible component is in the multicomponent fluid, then the density, PINCOMP, will simply understand the density of the simple incompressible component. As discussed above, other fluid characteristics can also be determined such as the individual volume fractions of the one or more compressible and the one or more incompressible components, a flow rate of individual components of the incompressible and compressible components of the fluid. For example, if the fluid comprises a mixture of oil, water, and gas, the individual flow rates and volume fractions of the oil, water, and gas can be determined.
    [0068] The embodiments described above allow the fluid measurement system 100 to obtain fluid characteristics of at least one of an incompressible component or a compressible component of a multicomponent fluid. By changing the fluid density state and measuring the combined fluid density in the different density states, the volume fractions, and thus the fluid characteristics of the components, can be determined. The fluid measurement system 100, therefore, should not have complex and extensive separation equipment for separate compressible components from incompressible components, as in the prior art. Therefore, the desired information from the multicomponent fluid can be obtained in substantially real time as the fluid is flowing through the measurement system 100.
    [0069] The detailed descriptions of the above embodiments are not exhaustive descriptions of all the embodiments contemplated by the 5 inventors as being within the scope of the present description. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that certain elements of the embodiments described above can be variablely combined or eliminated to create other embodiments, and such other embodiments are within the scope and teachings of the present description. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments described above can be combined in whole or in part to create additional embodiments within the scope and teachings of the present description.
    [0070] Thus, although the specific embodiments are described here for illustrative purposes, several equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the present description, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. The teachings presented here can be applied to other fluid measurement systems, and not just to the embodiments described above and shown in the attached figures. Thus, the scope of the embodiments described above must be determined from the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Method comprising the steps of: measuring a first density, p-i, of a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in a first density state; adjusting the multicomponent fluid from the first density state to a second density state; measuring a second density, P2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state; and determining one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the compressible components or the incompressible components; characterized by the fact that: a proportion of one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in the multicomponent fluid flow is substantially the same in the first density state and the second density state.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of determining comprises determining a combined density of one or more incompressible components.
    [0003]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of measuring the first density, pi, comprises using a first Coriolis flow meter.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of measuring the second density, p2, comprises using a second Coriolis flow meter.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises the step of waiting a threshold time after measuring the first density, Pi, before measuring the second density, p2.
    [0006]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first density state comprises a first pressure, Pi, and a first temperature, Ti and in which the second density state comprises a second pressure, P2, and / or a second temperature, T2.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises the steps of: measuring a multicomponent fluid flow rate; determining a volume fraction of one or more of the components of the multicomponent fluid; and determining a flow rate of one or more of the components based on the measured flow rate and volume fraction.
    [0008]
    8. Fluid measurement system (100) comprising: a tubing (103) configured to receive a multicomponent fluid comprising one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components; a first fluid meter (5) including: a first sensor assembly (101) in fluid communication with the tubing (103); a meter electronics (22) configured to measure at least a first density, pi, of the multicomponent fluid; and a density adjuster (104) in fluid communication with the tubing (103) and the first sensor assembly (101), configured to adjust a multi-component fluid density from a first density state to at least a second density state by adjusting a multicomponent fluid pressure and / or temperature; and a processing system (25) configured to generate one or more fluid characteristics of at least one of the incompressible components or compressible components based on the first density, p1, of the multicomponent fluid in the first density state and a second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state; characterized by the fact that: a proportion of one or more incompressible components and one or more compressible components in the multicomponent fluid flow is substantially the same in the first density state and the second density state.
    [0009]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that it also comprises a second fluid meter (6) including: a second sensor assembly (102) in fluid communication with the pipe (103) and the density adjuster (104), wherein the density adjuster (104) is positioned between the first sensor assembly (101) and the second sensor assembly (102).
    [0010]
    10. Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that it also comprises a second meter electronics (24) configured to measure at least the second density, p2, of the multicomponent fluid in the second density state .
    [0011]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that it also comprises one or more pressure sensors (105a, 105b) close to the first sensor assembly (101) and one or more pressure sensors ( 106a, 106b) next to the second sensor assembly (102).
    [0012]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that a first pressure sensor (105a) is positioned upstream of the first sensor assembly (101) and a second pressure sensor (105b) it is positioned downstream of the first sensor assembly (101) and where a third pressure sensor (106a) is positioned downstream of the density adjuster (104) and upstream of the second sensor assembly (102) and a fourth pressure sensor ( 106b) is positioned downstream of the second sensor assembly (102).
    [0013]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that it also comprises one or more temperature sensors configured to measure a temperature of the multicomponent fluid in the first and second density states.
    [0014]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that the processing system (25) comprises a part of the first meter electronics (22).
    [0015]
    Fluid measurement system (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first fluid meter (5) comprises a Coriolis flow meter.
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    JP2015522831A|2015-08-06|
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    AU2012386503B2|2016-06-16|
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    EP2880417A1|2015-06-10|
    BR112015001918A2|2017-07-04|
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    RU2604954C2|2016-12-20|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-03-31| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-11-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 01/08/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/US2012/049133|WO2014021884A1|2012-08-01|2012-08-01|Fluid characteristic determination of a multi-component fluid with compressible and incompressible components|
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